Neogene Period
23.03 - 2.588 20,442
Pliocene Epoch
5.333 - 2.588 2.745
Piacenzian Age 3.6 - 2.588 1.012
 _ Deers, antelopes and goats 🦌🐂/35 Scimitar oryx Oryx dammah Sahara Extinct in the wild.png)  _ Deers, antelopes and goats 🦌🐂/36 Scimitar oryx Oryx dammah Sahara 2.7(-2.1) - Extinct in the wild 2000 Reintroduced Pop+1.2-.5.png) 2.7 - 0 Scimitar oryx Oryx dammah, Ory, Hippotraginae, Bovidae, Artiodactyla, Mammalia Sahara Extinct & reintroduced |
2.7 - 300 Boring Lava Field Boring, Oregon, USA |
| 2.7 Great American Biotic Interchange at peak |
| 2.7 - 0 Armadillos move into N America from S America |
| 2.7 - 11,000 Pampatheriidae moves to N America from S America genus of armadillo 200/440 |
| 2.7 - 0 Oposum enters N America |
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Neogene Period
23.03 - 2.588 20,442
Pliocene Epoch
5.333 - 2.588 2.745
Piacenzian Age 3.6 - 2.588 1.012
  2.6 - 12,000 Panochthus frenzelianus, S America |
 _ Deers, antelopes and goats 🦌🐂/40 Markhor Capra falconeri W Himalaya Present Near threatened.png)  _ Deers, antelopes and goats 🦌🐂/41 Markhor Capra falconeri W Himalaya 2.6 - Present Near threatened.png) 2.6 - 0 Markhor Capra falconeri W Himalaya Near threatened |
 _ Deers, antelopes and goats 🦌🐂/41 Walia ibex Capra walie Ethiopia Present Endangered.png)  _ Deers, antelopes and goats 🦌🐂/42 Walia ibex Capra walie Ethiopia 2.6 - Present Endangered.png) 2.6 - 0 Walia ibex Capra walie Ethiopia Endangered |
  2.6 - 0 Andean condor Vultur gryphus Andean mountains Near threatened |
 _ Modern cats 🦁/18 American cheetah Miracinonyx inexpectatus N America 2.6 - 11,000 .png)  _ Modern cats 🦁/18 American cheetah Miracinonyx inexpectatus N America 2.6 - 11,000 .png) 2.6 - 11,000 American cheetah Miracinonyx inexpectatus N America |
 _ Deers, antelopes and goats 🦌🐂/42 Alpine ibex Capra ibex Alps Present Least concern .png)  _ Deers, antelopes and goats 🦌🐂/43 Alpine ibex Capra ibex Alps 2.6 - Present Least concern.png) 2.6 - 0 Alpine ibex Capra ibex, Capra, Caprinae, Bovidae, Artiodactyla, Mammalia, Alps Least concern |
| 2.6 - 0 Rüppell's fox Vulpes rueppellii, N Africa, M East, SW Asia. |
| 2.6 - 0 Arctic Fox spreads to Eurasia and Americas from Tibetan Plateau. |
| 2.6? - 40,000 2.6 Eurasian Giant Beaver Castor fiber, Castor, Castorinae, Castoridae, Rodentia, Mammalia, Eurasia |
| 2.6 Pole Shifts N to S 2.6m-10k Veldwezelt-Hezerwater Paleolithic |
2.6 - 1892
Portuguese ibex Capra pyrenaica lusitanica, C. pyrenaica, Capra, Caprinae, Bovidae, Artiodactyla, Mammalia |
 _ Bears and seals 🐻/11 American black bear Ursus americanus N America 2.6 - Least concern.png)  _ Bears and seals 🐻/11 American black bear Ursus americanus N America 2.6 - Least concern.png) 2.6 - 0 American black bear Ursus americanus N America Least concern |
  2.58 - 0 Freshwater crocodile Crocodylus johnstoni N Australia Least concern |
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Quaternary Period
2.588M - Present
Pleistocene Epoch
2.588 - 11,650 2,576,350
Gelasian Age 2.588 - 1.8 788,000
  2.58 - 0 North American brown lemming, Lemmus trimucronatus, Lemmus, Arvicolinae, Cricetidae, Rodentia, Mammalia LC |
  2.58 - 0 Brown rat, Rattus norvegicus, Rattus, Muridae, Rodentia, Mammalia Worldwide, Least concern |
  2.58 - 0 Black rat, Rattus rattus, Africa, Eurasia & Australia, Least concern |
  2.58 - 0 Patagonian mara, Dolichotis patagonum, Dolichotis, Caviidae, Rodentia, Mammalia Argentina, Near threatened |
  2.58 - 0 Bornean orangutan, Pongo pygmaeus, 3 ss, Borneo, Critically endangered |
  2.58 - 0 African brush-tailed porcupine, Atherurus africanus, C Africa, Least concern |
  2.58 - 0 Verreaux's sifaka, Propithecus verreauci, Propithecus, Indriidae, Strepsirrhini, Primates, Mammalia S Madagascar, Endangered |
  2.58 - 0 Aye-aye, Daubentonia madagascariensis, N Madagascar, Vulnerable |
  2.58 - 2,300 Koala lemur, Megaladapis edwardsi, Megaladapis, Megaladapidae, Strepsirrhini, Primates, Mammalia 3Sp Madagascar |
  2.58 - 24,000 Asian straight-tusked elephant, Palaaeolocodon namadicus, Asia |
  2.58 - 1768 Stellar's sea cow, †Hydrodamalis gigas, †Hydrodamalis, Dugongidae, Sirenia, Mammalia Comander islands, between Russia & Alaska |
 🦑 Squids and Octopus 🐙/9 Chambered nautilus, Nautilus pompilius, Indo-Pacific ocean, Pleistocene - Present, Data deficient.png)  🦑 Squids and Octopus 🐙/9 Chambered nautilus, Nautilus pompilius, Indo-Pacific ocean, Pleistocene 2.58 - Present, Data deficient.png) 2.58 - 0 Chambered nautilus, Nautilus pompilius, Nautilus, Nautilidae, Nautilida, Nautiloidea, Cephalopoda, Mollusca Indo-Pacific ocean, VU |
  2.58 – .0117 Sclerocalpytus ornatus, Hard cover, Argentina |
  2.58 - 0 Beluga whale Delphinapterus leucas, Delphinapterus, Monodontidae, Cetacea, Artiodactyla, Mamamalia Arctic circle Least concern |
  2.58 - .0117 Toyotamaphimeia machikanensis Japan |
 _ Deers, antelopes and goats 🦌🐂/45 Bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis W N America Pleistocene Present Least concern.png)  _ Deers, antelopes and goats 🦌🐂/46 Bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis W N America Pleistocene 2.58 - Present Least concern.png) 2.58 - 0 Bighorn Sheep Ovis canadensis W N America Least concern |
 _ Deers, antelopes and goats 🦌🐂/32 Bluebuck Hippotragus S Africa Pleistocene - Extinct 1799.png)  _ Deers, antelopes and goats 🦌🐂/33 Bluebuck Hippotragus S Africa Pleistocene 2.58 - Extinct 1799.png) 2.58 - 1799 Bluebuck Hippotragus, S Africa |
 _ Deers, antelopes and goats 🦌🐂/28 Saiga antelope Saiga tatarica C Asia Pleistocene - Present Critically endangered.png)  _ Deers, antelopes and goats 🦌🐂/29 Saiga antelope Saiga tatarica C Asia Pleistocene 2.58 - Present Critically endangered.png) 2.58 - 0 Saiga antelope Saiga tatarica C Asia Critically endangered |
 _ Deers, antelopes and goats 🦌🐂/24 Springbok Antidorcas marsupiali S Africa Pleistocene - Present Least concern.png)  _ Deers, antelopes and goats 🦌🐂/25 Springbok Antidorcas marsupiali S Africa Pleistocene 2.58 - Present Least concern.png) 2.58 - 0 Springbok Antidorcas marsupiali S Africa Pleistocene Least concern |
 _ Deers, antelopes and goats 🦌🐂/17 Aurochs Bos primigenius Pleistocene - 1627.png)  _ Deers, antelopes and goats 🦌🐂/18 Aurochs Bos primigenius Pleistocene 2.58 - 1627.png) 2.58 - 1627 Aurochs Bos primigenius |
 _ Modern cats 🦁/9 Bali tiger Panthera tigris sandaisa Bali island Extinct 1938.png)  _ Modern cats 🦁/9 Bali tiger Panthera tigris sandaisa Bali island 2.58 - Extinct 1938.png) 2.58 - 1938 Bali tiger Panthera tigris sandaisa Bali island |
 _ Modern cats 🦁/10 Bengal tiger Panthera tigris tigris India Present Endangered.png)  _ Modern cats 🦁/10 Bengal tiger Panthera tigris tigris India 2.58 - Present Endangered.png) 2.58 - 0 Bengal tiger Panthera tigris tigris India Endangered |
? Sechuran fox Peruvian desert fox Lycalopex sechurae
canid, S America |
| ? Hoary fox meadow fox Lycalopex vetulus Brazil feeds on small invertebrates like insects |
| 2.58 - 2.427 .153 Bramertonian Stage biostratigraphic stage precedes Pre-Pastonian Stage Britain. Bramerton Pits Norfolk |
| 2.6 - 1.8 Biber Complex interglacial stage Alps. 20 cycles |
| 2.6 - 1.86 Pastonian Stage, interglacial early or middle Pleistocene stage used in Britain |
| 2.588 - 0 Laurentide Ice Sheet |
2.588 - 0 black and brown rats >< Old World Rats Africa, Europe, Asia, and Australia
| 2.5888 - 0 Brown Rat Asia, N China, Mongolia spread around world in Middle Ages |
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| 2.588 - 39,000 2,549,000 Elasmotherium Eurasia |
 _ Deers, antelopes and goats 🦌🐂/11 Reindeer Rangifer tarandus Arctic circle Pleistocene - Present Vulcerable.png)  _ Deers, antelopes and goats 🦌🐂/11 Reindeer Rangifer tarandus Arctic circle Pleistocene - Present Vulcerable 2.58– .0117.png) 2.58 - 0 Reindeer Rangifer tarandus Arctic circle Vulnerable |
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Quaternary Period
2.588M - Present
Pleistocene Epoch
2.588 - 11,650 2,576,350
Gelasian Age 2.588 - 1.8 788,000
  2.5 - 50,000 Giant koala, Phascolarctos sti, Pleistocene |
  2.5 - 0 Asian Elephant Elephus Maxicus SE Asia Endangered |
  2.5 - 1.5 1 Southern mammoth, Mammmuthus meridianalis, Eurasia, Early Pleistocene |
  2.5 - 0 African manatee, Trichechus senegalensis, W Africa, Vulnerable |
  2.5 - 0 West Indian Manatee, Trichechus manatus, C America, Vulnerable |
  2.5 - 11,000 Glyptodon clavipes, Carved tooth, S America |
 _ Hyaenas and early cats 🐯/5 Aardwolf Proteles cristata Africa Pleistocene - Present Least concern.png)  _ Hyaenas and early cats 🐯/5 Aardwolf Proteles cristata Africa Pleistocene 2.5 - Present Least concern.png) 2.5 - 0 Aardwolf Proteles cristata Africa Least concern |
  2.5 - 0 Nile crocodile Crocodylus niloticus Africa Least concern |
 _ Deers, antelopes and goats 🦌🐂/16 Pelorovis antiquus SE Africa Pliocene 2.5 - 4,000 .png)  _ Deers, antelopes and goats 🦌🐂/17 Pelorovis antiquus Monstrous sheep SE Africa Pliocene 2.5 - 4,000.png) 2.5 - 4,000 Pelorovis antiquus Monstrous sheep SE Africa |
| 2.5 - 1768 Steller's sea cow Hydrodamalis gigas, Hydrodamalis, Dugongidae, Sirenia, Mammalia, described 1741. Commander Islands in the Bering Sea range more extensive in Pleistocene 8–10T 9m/30'. |
| 2.5 - 1627 Aurochs Bos primigenius, Bos, Bovinae, Bovidae, Artiodactyla, Mammalia, Asia, Europe, and N Africa. ancestor of domestic cattle. Jaktorów Forest, Poland. |
2.5 - 1909  Tarpan subspecies Equus ferus ferus, Equus ferus, Equus, Equidae, Perissodactyla, Mammalia, Eurasian wild horse |
2.5 - 5,000  Ibiza rail Rallus eivissensis, Rallus, Rallidae, Gruiformes, Aves, cave at Es Pouàs Ibiza |
| 2.5 - 5,000 Canariomys bravoi, Canariomys, Muridae, Rodentia, Mammalia, islands of Tenerife and Gran Canaria, 1kg / 2.2 lb |
| 2.5 - 0 mi Culpeo Lycalopex culpaeus, Lycalopex, Canidae, Carnivora, Mammalia, , S America |
| 2.5 - .6 1.9 Lake Bungunnia Austalia |
2.5 - 0  Short-eared dog Atelocynus microtis, Atelocynus, Canini, Caninae, Canidae, Carnivora, Mammalia. evolved when migrated N to S America 1914 Amazonian basin. only species in genus |
| 2.5 - .2 2.3 Pre-Illinoian Interglacial Stag Nebraskan stage |
| 2.5 - 0 Amazonian Manatee Trichechus inunguis, Trichechus, Trichechidae, Sirenia, Mammalia VU |
| 2.5 - 11,000 2.5 Glyptodon Glyptodontinae, Chlamyphoridae, Cingulata, Mammalia, . S America 7Sp |
2.5 - 11,000 2.5  _ Hyaenas and early cats 🐯/17 Smilodon populator Tooth shaped like double who brings devastation America 2.5 - 10,000.png) Smilodon Smilodontini, Machairodontinae, Felidae, Feliformia, Carnivora, Mammalia, 2Sp Americas |
2.5 - 0  Pig |
2.5 - 1 1.5 mi Sus strozzi, Sus, Suidae, Artiodactyla, Mammalia Mediterranean.
Displaced by Boar from Euasia |
2.5 - 0  blue whale Balaenoptera musculus, Balaenopterida, Balaenopteridae, Cetacea, Artiocactyla, Mammalia, |
2.5 - 0  Sumatran Rhinoceros |
2.5 - 0  black rhinoceros |
2.5 - 0  Indian rhinoceros |
| 2.5 - 0 Racoon migrated north from tropics |
 _ Bears and seals 🐻/26 Northren elephant seal Mirounga angustirostriis NE Pacific ocean Present Least concern.png)  _ Bears and seals 🐻/26 Northren elephant seal Mirounga angustirostriis NE Pacific ocean 2.5 - Present Least concern.png) 2.5 - 0 Northern elephant seal Mirounga angustirostriis, Mirounga, Phocidae, Pinnipedia, Pinnipediformes, Carnivora, Mammalia, NE Pacific Least concern |
 _ Sea lions and Musteloids 🦡/9 Walrus Odobenus rosmarus Arctic circle Pleistocene - Present Vulterable.png)  _ Sea lions and Musteloids 🦡/9 Walrus Odobenus rosmarus Arctic circle Pleistocene 2.5 - Present Vulterable.png) 2.5 - 0 Walrus Odobenus rosmarus, Odobenus, Odobenidae, Pinnipedia, Pinnipediformes, Carnivora, Mammalia, Arctic circle Vulterable |
 _ Sea lions and Musteloids 🦡/16 European polecat Mustela putorius Europe Pleistocene - 0 Least concern.png)  _ Sea lions and Musteloids 🦡/16 European polecat Mustela putorius Europe Pleistocene 2.5 - 0 Least concern.png) 2.5 - 0 European polecat Mustela putorius Europe Least concern |
 _ Sea lions and Musteloids 🦡/20 Wolverine Gulo gulo N American and Eurasia 2.5 - 0 Least Concern.png)  _ Sea lions and Musteloids 🦡/20 Wolverine Gulo gulo N American and Eurasia 2.5 - 0 Least Concern.png) 2.5 - 0 Wolverine Gulo gulo N American and Eurasia Least Concern |
 _ Hyaenas and early cats 🐯/16 Smilodon fatalis S America 2.5 - .5 2 Ma.png)  _ Hyaenas and early cats 🐯/16 Smilodon fatalis Fatal tooth double-edged knife S America 2.5 - .5 2 Ma.png) 2.5 - .5 2 Smilodon fatalis Fatal tooth double-edged knife S America |
 _ Hyaenas and early cats 🐯/17 Smilodon populator America 2.5 - 10,000.png) 2.5 - 10,000 Smilodon populator Tooth shaped like double who brings devastation America |
 _ Modern cats 🦁/3 Leopard Panthera pardus Africa and Asia 2.5 - 0 Vulnerable.png)  _ Modern cats 🦁/3 Leopard Panthera pardus Africa and Asia 2.5 - 0 Vulnerable.png) 2.5 - 0 Leopard Panthera pardus Africa and Asia Vulnerable |
 _ Modern cats 🦁/7 Northern lion Panthera leo leo Subsaharian zone Pleistocene - Present Vulnerable.png)  _ Modern cats 🦁/7 Northern lion Panthera leo leo Subsaharian zone Pleistocene 2.5 - Present Vulnerable.png) 2.5 - 0 Northern lion Panthera leo leo Subsaharian zone Vulnerable |
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Quaternary Period
2.588M - Present
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Cretan owl  _ Canidae 🐶/9 Bush dog Speothos venaticus S America 2 - Present Near threatened.png){kind=small}
 _ Canidae 🐶/9 Bush dog Speothos venaticus S America Present Near threatened.png){kind=small}
